Risk in a batch system is a solved problem: collect all positions, apply valuation models, sum the results, write a report. The dealing desk doesn’t want a report. They want a number that’s correct right now, updates in under a second when a trade comes in, and doesn’t go stale when a price moves. That’s a different problem. ...
The trade blotter is the dashboard every trader stares at during the day: live positions, recent fills, P&L, risk utilisation. It’s the interface between the trading system and the humans who run it. The blotter has an interesting engineering property: it’s not in the critical path (orders execute without waiting for the blotter to update), but it has to be consistently correct and fast-updating, because traders make decisions based on what it shows. A blotter that shows stale positions leads to over-trading; one that misses fills leads to missed hedges. ...
Three years into building trading systems, the end of 2014 felt like a good moment to stop and audit what we’d built. Not a full rewrite assessment — more a structured reflection on which bets paid off, which didn’t, and what the data was telling us about where the gaps were. This kind of review is undervalued in fast-moving engineering organisations. You learn a lot from production behaviour over years that you can’t learn from design docs. ...
A trading system that quotes a price is not the same as a trading system that executes at that price. Between the quote and the execution lies a gap — measured in time, measured in pips, measured in rejected orders — that engineering choices directly affect. Understanding slippage and rejection from the systems perspective is not just finance knowledge. It shapes how you design price feeds, order routing, and latency measurement. ...
By 2014 we had rebuilt the pricing engine twice. The first rebuild moved from a blocking queue architecture to the Disruptor. The second addressed the aggregation logic and quote distribution. This post covers the architecture that emerged — not as a blueprint, but as an account of the decisions and why we made them. ...
The feed handler is where the external world becomes internal data. A FIX or binary protocol stream arrives over the network, gets parsed into typed events, and gets handed to the internal processing pipeline. Nothing downstream can be faster than the feed handler’s latency. This is the design I evolved over three iterations at the trading firm. ...
FIX (Financial Information eXchange) protocol was designed in 1992 and looks like it. Tag-value pairs delimited by the ASCII SOH character (0x01). Fields in a prescribed order that parsers nonetheless receive out of order. A specification document larger than most novels. And yet: FIX is the universal language of electronic trading. Every exchange, every prime broker, every ECN speaks it. You will encounter it. ...
Three months into the job, I was given my first substantial project: build a component that subscribes to price feeds from five external venues, aggregates them into a single best-bid-offer (BBO) view per currency pair, and distributes that view to internal consumers. The spec was one page. The first implementation took two weeks. The rewrite after I measured it took another two weeks and was 40× faster. ...
When I joined the trading firm straight out of university, I could write Java, profile a JVM, and argue about data structures. I had no idea how currency markets worked. My tech lead gave me one piece of advice: “Read everything you can about how the market actually works before you write any code. It’ll save you from building the wrong thing twice.” This is what I wish someone had explained to me on day one. ...
I joined the trading desk on a Monday. By Friday I had broken the USD/JPY price feed. Not catastrophically — it was a staging environment and the feed recovered in seconds — but the experience of watching a real-time market data stream go silent because of my code was unlike anything I’d encountered at university. It crystallised something immediately: in this environment, software failures have a price tag attached. ...